摘要 :
Axiomatic design and design structure matrix (DSM) are two popular design methods at the moment, while most related researches only apply the basic ideas of axiomatic design or DSM to some use cases. This paper analyses the disadv...
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Axiomatic design and design structure matrix (DSM) are two popular design methods at the moment, while most related researches only apply the basic ideas of axiomatic design or DSM to some use cases. This paper analyses the disadvantages of both axiomatic design and DSM. The axiomatic design method guides the designer finding suitable design parameters to meet the needs of function requirements. But axiomatic design cannot support the designer to know the interactions amongst the design parameters, including geometry, spatial layout, interfaces (e.g. logical and physical connectivity), which will decide the quality of the design. DSM has the advantages at recording and analysing the interaction relationship between existing product elements. However, at the conceptual design stage or for a new product that has never been designed before, it is difficult to make the DSM. After deep investigations, it has been found that there are strong complementarities between axiomatic design and DSM, and integration of both sides is advocated for better-quality design. The main outcome of this work is the formal interpretation of the integration logic between axiomatic design and DSM. Under such integration context, the conceptual design process can be seen as a recursive interaction of axiomatic design's design matrix (DM) and corresponding DSM. In this way, axiomatic design and DSM can benefit from each other. A computer-aided conceptual design system has been developed to realize the proposed integration model of axiomatic design and DSM.
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摘要 :
Many design and planning problems consist of a number of distinct subsystems. Generally, there are several possible alternatives for design of a subsystem. However, an alternative for one subsystem may be incompatible with an alte...
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Many design and planning problems consist of a number of distinct subsystems. Generally, there are several possible alternatives for design of a subsystem. However, an alternative for one subsystem may be incompatible with an alternative for another subsystem. Thus, a feasible design is one that incorporates one alternative for each subsystem such that no pairwise incompatibilities exist. Several such design and planning problems have been formulated as compatibility matrices. The feasible designs can be identified by using an efficient algorithm. This paper shows that, in general, the exact number of feasible designs decreases exponentially with the increase in the number of incompatible pairs. This finding should motivate more potential users to employ the compatibility matrix approach.
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Axiomatic design (AD) is a popular creative design method, which provides a systematic and scientific basis for making design solutions. The AD method is concentrated on how to find suitable design parameters to meet the needs of ...
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Axiomatic design (AD) is a popular creative design method, which provides a systematic and scientific basis for making design solutions. The AD method is concentrated on how to find suitable design parameters to meet the needs of functional requirements, while certain system interaction factors and constraints (such as physical connectivity) are not catered directly. As a structured modeling method, more recently the design structure matrix (DSM) model has been regarded as a good roadmap of system interactions. DSM is a good tool representing interactions among design objectives and facilitating analysis of these interactions. Based on the complementarities between AD and DSM, it is proposed to enhance the AD method with DSM. The underlying logic is transforming the AD's design matrix into corresponding DSM for system interaction evaluation, thereby improving the feasibility of AD result. A design example of friction drive conveyor is given to illustrate the proposed design method.
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In this paper, we consider the construction of optimal blocked main effects designs where m two-level factors are to be studied in N runs which are partitioned into b blocks of equal size. For N = 2 (mod 4) sufficient conditions a...
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In this paper, we consider the construction of optimal blocked main effects designs where m two-level factors are to be studied in N runs which are partitioned into b blocks of equal size. For N = 2 (mod 4) sufficient conditions are derived for a design to be Φ_f optimal among all designs having main effects occurring equally often at their high and low levels within blocks and then this result is extended to the class of all designs for the case when the block size is two. Methods of constructing designs satisfying the sufficient conditions derived are also given.
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In this paper we consider experimental situations where a 2-level main effects plan is to be used to study m-factors using n runs which are partitioned into b blocks of size k = n / b and where k is an odd integer. For odd k ≤ 3 ...
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In this paper we consider experimental situations where a 2-level main effects plan is to be used to study m-factors using n runs which are partitioned into b blocks of size k = n / b and where k is an odd integer. For odd k ≤ 3 and certain cases where b is a multiple of k, we show how to construct blocked main effects plans that are optimal under most widely used optimality criteria.
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The current method for pooling the data from different batches or factors, suggested by ICH Q1E guidance, is to use analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for test interaction between slopes and intercepts and factors. Failure to reject ...
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The current method for pooling the data from different batches or factors, suggested by ICH Q1E guidance, is to use analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for test interaction between slopes and intercepts and factors. Failure to reject the null hypothesis of equality of slopes and equality of intercepts, however, does not prove that slopes and intercepts from different levels of factors are the same, and the data can be pooled for estimation of shelf life. In addition, the ANCOVA approach uses indirect parameters of intercepts and slopes in the regression model for assessment of poolability. The hypothesis for poolability is then formulated on the basis of the concept of equivalence for the means among the distributions of the quantitative attributes at a particular time point. Methods based on the intersection-union procedure are proposed to test the hypothesis of equivalence. A large simulation study was conducted to empirically investigate the size and power of the proposed method for the bracketing and matrixing designs given in the ICH QID guidance. Simulation results show that the proposed method can adequately control the size and provides sufficient power when the number of factors considered is fewer than three. A numerical example using the published data illustrates the proposed method.
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Matrix methods such as the House of Quality are useful as a first step in organizing the information relating product attributes to engineering parameters. However, they frequently result in a large number of elements, making it v...
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Matrix methods such as the House of Quality are useful as a first step in organizing the information relating product attributes to engineering parameters. However, they frequently result in a large number of elements, making it very difficult to focus attention on elements that bring maximum benefits. This paper presents a method for reducing a large set of engineering parameters to a more efficient subset. The method proposed first quantifies the values in the relationship matrix using indifference statements, A set of rules is then applied to the relationship matrix to redefine, separate, combine and eliminate some engineering parameters and to account for the controllability and quantifiability of engineering parameters. These adjusted values are then used in an integer programming formulation to identify the subset of engineering parameters that offers the greatest potential for cost control. This is where product development, experimental and optimization efforts should be focused. An example of a new air pollution control system illustrates the method. The most efficient set of engineering parameters are identified, which are then defined as decision variables in a cost-minimization model. The optimal design identified by the method significantly reduces cost, compared with both the original product configuration and with the configuration resulting from a reasonable (but ad hoc) attempt at reducing the number of engineering parameters in the original House of Quality.
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A matrix with entries from a group of order is called a -difference matrix over if the list of quotients , contains each element of exactly times for all . D. Jungnickel has shown that . However, no general method is known for con...
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A matrix with entries from a group of order is called a -difference matrix over if the list of quotients , contains each element of exactly times for all . D. Jungnickel has shown that . However, no general method is known for constructing difference matrices with arbitrary parameters. In this article we consider the case that the parameter is a quasi Sophie Germain prime, where is a prime power, and show that there exists a -difference matrix over using functions from to . Our method is to construct a dual of TD by using a group of order which acts regularly on the set of points but not on the set of blocks.
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A (u, k;λ)-difference matrix H over a group U is said to be of coset type with respect to one of its rows, say w, whose entries are not equal, if it has the property that rw is also a row of H for any row r of H. In this article ...
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A (u, k;λ)-difference matrix H over a group U is said to be of coset type with respect to one of its rows, say w, whose entries are not equal, if it has the property that rw is also a row of H for any row r of H. In this article we study the structural property of such matrices with u(收起
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Some series of group-divisible and rectangular designs have been constructed through generalized row orthogonal constant column matrices (GROCM).Some group-divisible designs listed in Clatworthy's table have been constructed using...
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Some series of group-divisible and rectangular designs have been constructed through generalized row orthogonal constant column matrices (GROCM).Some group-divisible designs listed in Clatworthy's table have been constructed using these series. Some rectangular designs in the range of r.k≤10 have been constructed which may be new.
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